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The Slaughter of the Innocents
By guest columnist Rick Marschall, Special to ASSIST News Service
SWARTZ CREEK MI (ANS) One of the most beautiful lullabies related to Christmas is known as the Coventry Carol. A mother’s song to her child, its lyrics from the late Medieval era remind us of Olde English, when the presence of French still sweetened the tongue: “By by, lully, lullay,” its comforting choruses end.
The song is soothing but eerily compelling, and even mysterious. Certainly, melancholia is a part of its appeal. Why? A lullaby (note the common roots with the comforting words of the chorus), identified with Christmas? Sad? Its tune, especially its oddly modern harmonies and dissonance, seems to transcend the ages.
In truth, no matter how re-purposed by contemporary performers or loving mothers at children’s bedtimes, the Coventry Carol is indeed melancholy: it was meant to solemnly memorialize an event full of sorrow, dread, and grief. The song imagines the lament of a mother protecting her child about to be slaughtered by soldiers of King Herod. As recorded in the Book of Matthew, the Roman-appointed ruler of Palestine was aware of the prophecy that the King of the Jews would be born in Bethlehem… and that the magi had warned Joseph to hide the child of Mary as a precaution against a cruel ruler’s deadly intentions. All this fulfilled Old Testament prophecies (Jesus’ parents fled with Him to Egypt).
In Herod’s bloodlust, and in fear that another king of the Jews would be his rival, he decreed that male babies under the age of one in Judea should be killed. This became known as the Slaughter of the Innocents or the Massacre, or Martyrdom, of the Holy Innocents.
In annual Christmas programs during the Middle Ages, nativity plays akin to passion plays of another time in the church calendar were performed in many chapels and towns. In Coventry, England, the Guild of Shearmen and Tailors between the late 1300s and the late 1500s traditionally staged Nativity plays. A day to acknowledge this slaughter became a day of observance, an event in the church calendar with a call to introspection—a day that our contemporary world scarcely recognizes any more.
But here we are: the “Innocents’ Day,” sometimes called Childermass—following Christmass —was observed around this time of year. December 27 was the date for many of the ancient churches in the Middle East, the ancient rites of the Syriacs, Chaldeans, Maronites, Syrians; December 28 is the traditional observance date of the Roman Catholic church, the Lutheran and evangelical churches, and the Church of England. Most of the Orthodox churches marked the day yesterday. In a German tradition of that time, youngsters exchanged roles with adult clergy and teachers on Childermass; sometimes students for the priesthood presided over worship services, with clergy in the pews.
Remembering the Slaughter of the Innocents reminds us that all the aspects of Christ’s birth were not unalloyed joy. The birth pangs of Mary were prophesied in Scripture, even from the Garden, but the purport was not solely one mother’s labor. The Bible addressed the difficulties attendant to the coming Messiah’s birth—and, indeed, His life, ministry, rejection, betrayal, and death. Yes, the resurrection was foretold, but His life would not be one without pain and suffering, clearly.
In the Slaughter of the Innocents we acknowledge a sorrowful side of this King’s incarnation. This truth, infrequently recognized in today’s churches where clapping, hopping, smiling, and colorful banners predominate is still truth. Joy is ours, and we rejoice at the reality of God-with-us, and the peace that is to come; but we need to remember that there is much that is serious about Christianity.
The young girls in Nigeria who were kidnapped and violated because they were Christian… schoolchildren who were massacred by Muslims for not following Mohammed... the children in East Asia who are imprisoned or executed when they refuse to renounce Christ. I could detail places and dates, but you see the headlines. Please read the stories, not just the headlines; and pray.
Bioethics in the News
STEM CELL PROCESS A FLASH IN THE PAN?
Christmas: So Much More Than Celebrating a Birthday
Adoration of the Magi in afternoon light, Orvieto Duomo, Italy |
Evangelicals Affirm U.S. Army Prohibition on Torture
"And in His Name All Oppression Shall Cease"
The Dark Side of Christmas
Slaughter of the Innocents. Floor of Santa Maria Assunta, Siena, Italy. |
Christmas is more than ring the bells and cheer. Much more than these, Christmas brings the hope that in the midst of darkness, in the midst of children being murdered by power-hungry tyrants, God enters the world in the flesh. A day will come when all wrongs are made right. But until the God-man reappears, he is with us, building his kingdom. We are not alone.
Shame, Courage, Vulnerability, Uncertainty
Thanks to my friend Carol Fruge' for introducing me to Brene Brown, the kind of researcher who says, "Stories are just data with a soul."
Some reminders as we watch: Because we are made in God's image, we are worthy of love and respect.
2014 Top Kindle Sales
In this day when we carry around more processing power in our back pockets than all of NASA had in 1969, we can order stories the moment we get a hankering for them. Here are the top 4 Kindle fiction sales of 2014:
The Fault in Our Stars
by John Green
Gone Girl: A Novel
by Gillian Flynn
(Plot summary: Guy is corrupt; girl is corrupt; both guy and girl are corrupt)
Divergent (Divergent Trilogy, Book 1)
by Veronica Roth
The Goldfinch: A Novel
by Donna Tartt
Interestingly, I listened to three of these four on Audible. This is the first year I've had Audible, and I find it has enabled me to listen to a lot more fiction, because I can play it in the car and on the plane. The top two were so-so. Didn't read Divergent. Liked The Goldfinch, which I reviewed here. But my favorite did not make Kindle's list: Lila, by Marilynne Robinson. It did make the National Book Award finals, so maybe my taste is not so bad?
Probably the best non-fiction book I read/heard this year was Quiet, but a close second is the one to which I'm listening right now: Bonhoeffer: Pastor, Martyr, Prophet, Spy, by Eric Metaxas. It's been out for about three years, and I was told it's a better "listen" than a read.
Bonhoeffer was one of the few people who saw the danger of Hitler from the start. It seems the more liberal the German church, the less likely its leaders were to see the danger. Listening to the German theologian's biography, I'm struck by the importance of separation of church and state.
Recently, The Washington Post ran an article on gay Christians choosing celibacy and it included a chilling quote in one of the captions: “When he came out in the mid-2000s, Josh Gonnerman says church leaders were not speaking about celibacy because they had 'sort of thrown their lot in with the Republican Party.'” Ouch!
Bonhoeffer gave his life trying to stop Hitler, and he saw firsthand what happens when the church gets too cozy with one political party.
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The semester has come to an end for students, but I've been slogging through a swampland of grading—in between trying to stop our now-12-pound kitten, Shadow, from climbing the Christmas tree and batting down the little ornament from Puerto Rico. Even when I put it near the top and way out on a limb he should not be able to reach, that little ornament appears about an hour later on my bed.
Despite the grading load, most evenings I'm slipping down to spend an hour or two of TV with my guy.
Quick movie recommendation: "A Charlie Brown Christmas." It reminded me of the basics. Cut through the commercialism. Everybody loves the guy who gets bullied. And —we laughed out loud because Shadow totally has Snoopy’s personality.
I also finally watched "Ushpizin," which is a ten-year-old film. Ushpizin, the Arabic expression for "the Sukkot guests," is about a childless, impoverished couple in the Hasidic community of Jerusalem who have no money to pay for Succoth ("Tabernacles") holiday preparations. In the middle of miraculous provision, they receive a visit from a couple of escaped convicts who knew the husband before his religious transformation. The story that unfolds says a lot about hospitality and grace—important themes this time of year.
Happy Hanukkah!
Listen to A Christmas Carol
Tomorrow A Christmas Carol will be streamed live over the internet at RadioFUBAR.com. A couple of my friends are playing multiple roles. If you can't catch the live show, it will be replayed December 24 at 7:00 p.m. CST.
Exodus: Gods and Kings...Worth $11.50?
On Gender-Inclusive Language
When the Collins Dictionary linguists used their computational analysis to query their database on language use (4.4 billion words!), they discovered that evangelicals are using "man" to refer to the human race far more often than the general population. As in three or four times more often.
Douglas J. Moo said in his report to the Evangelical Theological Society at the San Diego 50th anniversary dinner for the NIV translation, "What determines 'correct' English is not some nineteenth or twentieth-century style manual or the English we were taught in grade school but the English that people are actually speaking and writing today. And the data are very clear: modern English has latched on to the so-called 'singular they,' which has been part of English for a long time, as the preferred way to follow up generic nouns and pronouns." That means, despite what our English teachers taught us, that someone can take their toys and go home. In fact, if we say someone can take his toys and go home, listeners notice—and not in a good way.
Christmas Reflection: Sinner and Sinner Reconciled
Child Brides and the Christian
This five-year-old child bride was spirited off to her wedding in the night by her uncle. |
Share the gospel and biblical resources online. Many people without flush toilets own cell phones and access web content with them. The best way to change attitudes is through changed hearts. The Council on Foreign Relations reports that Internet and cellular phone technology through which people access online content means that “modern and international influences are felt” (p. 18). Speak on behalf of victims. Such speaking includes challenging rape-culture thinking and paying attention to how we talk about those who have been violated. In many communities, sexual violence becomes a reason to shame the victim. Challenge such thinking! Work to shift the dishonor from the victim to the criminal. Affirm those who have endured sexual abuse and violence when they speak out about their trauma. Sponsor girls. Help girls stay in school. Their education is strongly connected with a family’s ability to pull itself out of poverty, and often parents will not let girls attend school unless someone sponsors them. Each additional year of age at marriage boosts the likelihood of literacy by 5 percentage points. And helping girls stay in school increases their literacy, which is correlated with many improvements in safety, health, and community stability.Train pastoral leaders. Teach all who speak and who perform weddings to embrace a biblical view of gender equality that eschews viewing girls as commodities. And encourage spiritual leaders to obey local laws about age at marriage. The report cited above—produced by an independent, nonpartisan think tank—suggests that trainers work with religious leaders across the world, “educating men and boys about why delaying marriage is beneficial to all” as “these two groups are influential in deciding the future of girls and women in many communities” (p. 16). In your conversations with nationals, raise questions about girls’ education, emphasizing how much you value making female education a priority. Express admiration, respect, and honor for those who demonstrate a high view of women and who teach that God views females as fellow heirs. Consider giving a public award that acknowledges those who have done so.If you are involved in relief work, factor the unique needs of girls into post-disaster planning. The periods immediately following such disasters are times of especially high vulnerability for females. Studies show that women and girls bear a disproportionate brunt of the long-terms effects of upheavals. In Uganda, for example, food crises due to climate change have forced girls into “famine marriages” (p. 37). Tsunamis, typhoons, civil war, and regional conflicts also drive up the child-bride and violence-to-women rates. Such crises disrupt education, too. So include in your efforts providing security and education for children in refugee camps. And support outreaches that work to educate child brides long-term, such as Arab Woman Today Ministires.Consider joining an education team going to a location where leaders are asking for teachers. A priest I met in Jordan asked for English-speaking volunteers to come for two weeks and help the students in his school improve their language skills. Your knowledge can help.
[1] Gayle T. Lemmon and Lynn S. ElHarake, “Child Brides, Global Consequences: How to End Child Marriage,” Council on Foreign Relations: New York, 2014, vii.
NY Times Editors' Top Picks for 2014
Gettys Coming to Dallas
NASHVILLE, TN – What is fast becoming a new holiday concert tradition, “Joy—An Irish Christmas with Keith & Kristyn Getty,” is coming to Dallas next Tuesday, December 9, performing at the Winspear Opera House.
The sixteen-city 2014 tour will include eighteen performances at such landmark venues as New York’s Carnegie Hall (Dec. 17), the only NY appearance; Dallas’ Winspear Opera House (Dec 9); Cleveland’s Connor Palace Theater (Dec 13 and 14); and Atlanta’s Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre (Dec. 19), before concluding at Nashville’s Schermerhorn Symphony Center (Dec. 22). Bluegrass master Ricky Skaggs will join the Gettys as a special guest performer at their New York and Atlanta concerts.
Combining traditional carols, modern hymns, and Irish folk music, the holiday event is a joyful celebration of the birth of Christ. Accompanying the Gettys will be their band of virtuoso musicians from North America and Ireland, performing on Celtic and bluegrass instruments. Also, each concert will feature Irish step dancing, along with the spirited voices of a multigenerational choir. After each concert (with the exception of Carnegie Hall), the band will take to the lobby of the theater to perform a fun acoustic jam—a hallmark of the Gettys' concerts.
Keith and Kristyn Getty are renowned contemporary hymn writers from Northern Ireland. One of Keith’s most popular compositions, “In Christ Alone,” (co-written with Stuart Townend) is the #1 most-sung hymn in the UK since 2006 (CCLI) and among the top twenty most-sung hymns in the United States, Canada, and Australia. The duo has released six albums and performed at notable venues as diverse as London’s Royal Albert Hall and the Grand Ole Opry.
The Gettys' annual “Joy—An Irish Christmas” tour began in 2010 and has been seen by more than 100,000 people throughout North America. This year, the tour returns following a hiatus in 2013 as the couple awaited the arrival of their second child.
2014 tour dates are listed below, and additional information regarding each concert is available on the Gettys web site.
Dec. 7 - Hattiesburg, MS - Temple Baptist Church
Dec. 8 - Jackson, MS - First Presbyterian Church *free concert
Dec. 9 - Dallas, TX - Winspear Opera House
Dec. 10 - Austin, TX - The Riverbend Center
Dec. 13 & 14 - Cleveland, OH - Connor Palace Theater
Dec. 15 & 16 - McLean, VA - McLean Bible Church
Dec. 17 - New York, NY - Carnegie Hall
Dec. 19 - Atlanta, GA - Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre
Dec. 20 - Knoxville, TN - Tennessee Theatre
Dec. 22 - Nashville, TN - Schermerhorn Symphony Center
The Gettys met in Belfast, Northern Ireland, when they began songwriting together. They were married in 2004, and two years later, they recorded their first project as a couple in the United Kingdom and Nashville. In 2007, they made the journey to America and lived in Ohio for three years as they began their professional career, but found their permanent home in Nashville in 2010. The Gettys have released six full-length albums and two limited-edition EPs.
How to Watch The Red Tent
Yes, The Red Tent is coming to television in a two-night mini-series on Lifetime TV. One hour before the series airs, some well-known Christian women talk about women of the Bible. If you want to gather some friends, or even turn this into a meaningful personal experience, a decent guide for thinking about The Red Tent is Women of Faith's conversation guide. Genesis presents Dinah as the daughter of Jacob and Leah, and the sister of themen who would become the twelve tribes of Israel, including the famous Josephof the “coat of many colors.” She was the lone daughter in a family with twelvebrothers and four mothers.
Dinah is briefly mentioned in Genesis (see chapter 34), buther story ends abruptly, as the point of the Genesis text is to answer “How didthe twelve tribes come to be?” and not “Who were all the children of Jacob?” Thefact that Dinah is even mentioned, then, is actually a nod to women, as Moses chose to include an episode about her.
Where the text falls silent, Anita Diamant picks itup and imagines where Dinah’s story might lead.
The biblical account tells readers that Dinah was raped, butThe Red Tent has a different take on that narrative. In fact, Anita Diamantportrays all of the women in this series with more agency than the biblicaltext gives them, so you’ll find no victims here, even if the text says theywere treated unjustly. And the women are shown to have completely harmoniousrelationships rather than having any infighting (as the text suggests—as domost people with knowledge of polygamous families). Those who can overlook this detail, will find a powerful story about forgiveness and an interestingexcursion into how each person’s point of view on events might differ.
A few warnings: As with the biblical text, this story is R-rated, so expect somenudity. Also, try to overlook that Joseph’s character looks about as Semitic asOwen Wilson. And finally, if you can suspend disbelief and expect the story to differ from the biblical text, you will get more out of it. That is not to say the biblical text is unimportant. But rather, this show is an exercise in how points of view can differ. This story takes place in Dinah's point of view, and in a number of cases, she is shown to have incorrect perceptions.
I suggest reading Genesis 25–50 before watching the show. When I previewed itwith my husband, we found ourselves constantly curious about what the textactually said. So finally, we stopped and read it. Again, the point was not to be irritated that the film didn't stick to the biblical narrative. Rather, it helped us to better appreciate the Genesis story.
Typically when we read Genesis, believers make Jacob's children out to be Boy Scouts rather than murderous brutes. The Red Tent helps us imagine them more accurately. Remember, most of them sold their brother to slavery. One slept with his father's wife. And at least one is known to have paid a prostitute.
I read the book, The Red Tent, which is better than the movie. In fact, both Diamant's text and the biblical text are better than the movie. I recommend both! But both my husband and I liked this mini-series, too.
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How to Help Veterans Re-enter Society
Chaplain Justin Roberts was one of my writing students. He was part of "The Hornets Nest" (you can watch via Netflix). Here he talks with Darrell Bock about helping returning veterans re-enter society.
Give When You Buy Without Spending More
It's that time of year again—when many of us order more in one month online than we order in all other months combined.
While you're buying this month, if you will swing by here before making purchases on Amazon, you can help contribute to our ministry in Kenya without spending one dime more. By simply scrolling down in the right column of this blog and using my Amazon search box to access that site before you purchase, you allow us to receive a percentage of anything you buy. It adds up. We are committed to using 100% of that income in our work in D.R. Congo and Kenya. It costs you nothing, and it helps those who really need it.
Feel free to tell your friends.